Software Testing. Carnegie Mellon University. Dependable Embedded Systems. Authors: Jiantao Panjpan@cmu. Abstract: Software testing is any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or. Testing is more than. The purpose of testing can be quality assurance, verification. Testing can be used as a generic. Correctness testing and reliability testing are two major areas. Critical Patch Updates and Security Alerts are fixes for security defects in Oracle, PeopleSoft, JD Edwards and Sun products.Software testing is a trade- off between budget, time and quality. Where software. differs is in the manner in which it fails. Most physical systems fail in a. By contrast, software can fail in. Detecting all of the different failure modes for software is. Software does not suffer from corrosion. So once the software is shipped, the design defects - - or bugs - -. Software bugs will almost always exist in any software module with moderate. It is also true that for any complex systems. Discovering the design defects in software, is equally difficult, for the. Because software and any digital systems are not. All the possible values need to be tested and verified, but. Our Patch Management Software Solutions automates your manual patching process, cutting IT time to deliver patched content faster & more consistently to users. But so many patches exist for so many products and product versions that you need to automate patch testing. The patch testing described here is as it is undertaken in Hamilton, New Zealand. There may be slight differences in methods used at other centres. Abstract: Software testing is any activity aimed at evaluating an attribute or capability of a program or system and determining that it meets its required results. The MSRC Engineering team of security researchers conducts detailed technical investigations of Microsoft software security issues and works to develop solutions to. Published Sept 2005 How to Make Microsoft Security Patch Testing More Efficient Abstract Despite the perils of deploying a Microsoft Patch Management Page 6 of 14 vendors because, as mentioned, some vendors may choose to hold a vulnerability notification until a patch is available. What is a software patch? Since a good contribution will already have undergone extensive testing. The Patch project listing in the Free Software Directory. Download patches, updates, service releases and upgrades for games, Windows, Office, Adobe, graphics tools, hardware drivers and other popular software. Exhaustively testing a simple program to add. Obviously, for a realistic software module, the complexity can be far. If inputs from the real world are involved. A further complication has to do with the dynamic nature of programs. If a. failure occurs during preliminary testing and the code is changed, the software. But its. behavior on pre- error test cases that it passed before can no longer be. To account for this possibility, testing should be restarted. The. expense of doing this is often prohibitive. But this alone will not. Complexity Barrier. By eliminating the (previous) easy bugs you allowed. Society seems to. Thus, our users always push us to the complexity. It is broadly deployed in every phase in the software development. Typically, more than 5. Testing is usually performed for the following purposes: As computers and software are used in critical applications, the outcome of. Bugs can cause huge losses. Bugs in critical systems have. Bugs can cause. disasters. The so- called year 2. Y2. K) bug has given birth to a cottage. Quality means the conformance to the specified design requirement. Being. correct, the minimum requirement of quality, means performing as required under. Debugging, a narrow view of software testing, is. The. imperfection of human nature makes it almost impossible to make a moderately. Finding the problems and get them fixed. For Verification & Validation (V& V)Just as topic Verification and. Validation indicated, another important purpose of testing is verification. V& V). Testing can serve as metrics. It is heavily used as a. V& V process. Testers can make claims based on interpretations. We can also compare the quality among. We can not test quality directly, but we can test related factors to make. Quality has three sets of factors - - functionality. These three sets of factors can be thought of as. Each dimension may be broken down. Table 1 illustrates some of the most frequently cited quality. Functionality (exterior quality)Engineering (interior quality)Adaptability (future quality)Correctness. Efficiency. Flexibility. Reliability. Testability. Reusability. Usability. Documentation. Maintainability. Integrity. Structure. Table 1. The importance of. Any system where. In the typical business system usability and maintainability are the. Our testing, to be fully effective, must be geared to measuring. The drawbacks are that it can only validate that the. A finite number of tests can not. On the contrary, only one. Dirty. tests, or negative tests, refers to the tests aiming at breaking the software. A piece of software must have sufficient. Because testing is a rigorous effort and requires significant time. Software reliability has important relations with many aspects of software. Software testing is not mature. It still remains an art, because we still. We are still using the same testing techniques. Software testing can be costly, but not. Solving the software- testing problem is no easier than solving. Turing halting problem. We can never be sure that a piece of software is. We can never be sure that the specifications are correct. No. verification system can verify every correct program. We can never be certain. Key Concepts. Taxonomy. There is a plethora of testing methods and testing techniques, serving. Classified by purpose. Classified by life- cycle phase. By scope, software testing can be categorized as follows: unit. Correctness testing will need some type of oracle, to tell the right. The tester may or may not know the inside details. We must note that the black- box and white- box ideas. The black- box approach is a testing method in which test data are derived. Because only the functionality of. All test cases are derived from the. No implementation details of the code are considered. It is obvious that the more we have covered in the input space, the more. Ideally we would be tempted to exhaustively test the input. But as stated above, exhaustively testing the combinations of valid. Combinatorial. explosion is the major roadblock in functional testing. To make things worse. Even if we use some type of formal or. Sometimes, the specification itself becomes an intractable. And people can seldom specify clearly what. Specification problems contributes. Partitioning is one of the. If we have partitioned the input space and assume all the. Domains can be exhaustively tested and covered by selecting a. Boundary values are of special. Experience shows that test cases that explore boundary conditions. Boundary value analysis. The difficulties with domain testing are. Good partitioning requires knowledge of the software structure. A good. testing plan will not only contain black- box testing, but also white- box. Contrary to black- box testing, software is viewed as a white- box, or. Testing plans are made according to the details. Test cases are derived from the program structure. White- box testing is. There are many techniques available in white- box testing, because the. The intention of exhausting some aspect. Multiple condition coverage). Test cases. are carefully selected based on the criterion that all the nodes or paths are. By doing so we may discover unnecessary. In mutation testing, the original program code is perturbed and many mutated. Each faulty version of the. Test data are selected based on the effectiveness. The more mutants a test case can kill, the better the. The problem with mutation testing is that it is too. The boundary between black- box approach and. Many testing strategies mentioned above. It is. also true for transaction- flow testing, syntax testing, finite- state testing. One reason is. that all the above techniques will need some knowledge of the specification of. Another reason is that the idea of specification. We may be reluctant to consider random testing as a testing technique. The. test case selection is simple and straightforward: they are randomly chosen. Some very subtle errors can be. And it is also not inferior in coverage than other. One can also obtain reliability estimate. Effectively. combining random testing with other testing techniques may yield more powerful. But. every system will have implicit performance requirements. The software should. Performance has always been a great concern and a driving force of computer. Performance evaluation of a software system usually includes. Typical resources that need to be considered include network. CPU cycles, disk space, disk access operations, and. The goal of performance. The typical method of doing performance testing is using a. It is related to many aspects of software, including the testing. Directly estimating software reliability by quantifying its related. Testing is an effective sampling method to measure. Guided by the operational profile, software testing. Therefore, based on the. Risk of using software. There is agreement on the intuitive meaning of dependable software: it does. The robustness of a software component is the degree to which it can. It only watches for robustness problems such. The oracle is. relatively simple, therefore robustness testing can be made more portable and. This research has drawn more and more. Stress testing, or load testing, is often used to test the whole system. In such tests the software or system are. Typical stress includes resource. Security testing. Software quality, reliability and security are tightly coupled. Flaws in. software can be exploited by intruders to open security holes. With the. development of the Internet, software security problems are becoming even more. Many critical software applications and services have integrated security. The purpose of security testing of these. Simulated security attacks can be performed to find vulnerabilities. Automation is a good way to cut down. Software testing tools and techniques usually suffer from a lack. The reason is straight- forward. In. order to automate the process, we have to have some ways to generate oracles. Today we still don't have a. In general, significant amount. The degree of automation. The problem is lessened in reliability testing and performance testing. In. robustness testing, the simple specification and oracle: doesn't crash, doesn't. Similar simple metrics can also be used in stress testing. When to stop testing? Testing is potentially endless. We can not test till all the defects are. At some point, we have to. Realistically, testing is a trade- off between budget, time and quality. It. is driven by profit models. The pessimistic, and unfortunately most often used. The optimistic stopping rule is. Each. evaluation requires repeated running of the following cycle: failure data. This method does not fit well for. Alternatives to testing. Software testing is more and more considered a problematic method toward. Using testing to locate and correct software defects can be an. Bugs cannot be completely ruled out. Just as the complexity. Sometimes fixing a problem. California and eastern seaboard in 1. Coverage. testing, for example. Is code coverage, branch coverage in testing really.
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